The Legacy of a Church Founder, Bishop, and Abolitionist
James Varick, a prominent figure in American history, was born near Newburgh, New York, to a slave mother and a free father. His life’s work as a church founder, bishop, and abolitionist has left an indelible mark on the landscape of African American history and the struggle for equality. Varick’s early years were marked by the challenges of being born to a slave mother, who was later manumitted when Varick was a small boy and a free father. Despite the obstacles he faced, Varick’s determination and resilience propelled him forward. At the age of sixteen, he joined the John Street Methodist Episcopal Church in New York City, where he eventually became licensed to preach.
In addition to his religious pursuits, Varick learned the trade of shoemaking and established his own business by 1783. This entrepreneurial spirit and work ethic would become hallmarks of his character and contribute to his success in later endeavors. In 1790, Varick married Aurelia Jones, with whom he had seven children. Four of their children lived to adulthood, and Varick’s dedication to his family paralleled his commitment to his community and the fight for equality.
Founding the AME Zion Church
Varick’s pivotal role in the establishment of the African Methodist Episcopal (AME) Zion Church is a testament to his leadership and vision. As black membership in the John Street Church grew, segregation was introduced, compelling black members to sit in the back pews. In response to this injustice, Varick and a small group of black men obtained church approval to hold separate services for the black congregation. By 1800, they had purchased a lot and built their church, securing an independent charter in 1801. This marked the birth of the AME Zion Church, which would become a beacon of hope and empowerment for African Americans.
Varick’s intelligence, oratorical skills, and piety made him a respected spokesperson for African Americans and a pioneer in the independent black church movement. He played a pivotal role in the ordination of the first black deacons in New York in 1806, further solidifying his influence and leadership within the community. His unwavering commitment to equality was evident in his efforts to free the Zion Church from white Methodist Episcopal control. After a twenty-year struggle, Varick led his congregation to formally separate from the white denomination in 1820, ensuring the church’s autonomy and undisputed rights to its finances and properties.
In 1821, Varick’s leadership was recognized when he was elected district elder during a conference with other black Methodist leaders. His tireless advocacy culminated in his historic ordination as the first black bishop of the independent African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church in 1822, a milestone that cemented his legacy as a trailblazer for racial equality and religious autonomy. Varick’s dedication to equality extended beyond his religious leadership. Despite being paid little or nothing as a preacher, he continued his shoemaking trade and taught classes out of his home to support his family. His steadfast commitment to equality was further demonstrated by his involvement in various organizations dedicated to uplifting the African American community.
In 1810, Varick was named the first chaplain of the New York African Society for Mutual Relief, reflecting his dedication to serving and supporting his community. Additionally, he became one of the vice presidents of the New York African Bible Society in 1817, leveraging his influence to promote education and empowerment among African Americans. Varick’s advocacy for civil rights was deeply rooted in his opposition to the colonization movement, and he worked tirelessly to educate white supporters about its inherent unfairness. His involvement in petitioning the New York State Constitutional Convention for black suffrage in 1821 exemplified his unwavering commitment to securing fundamental rights for all.
Shortly before his passing in 1827, Varick became one of the founders of Freedom’s Journal, the first black newspaper in the United States. His contributions to the publication reflected his enduring commitment to freedom for all and universal dignity. The legacy of James Varick continues to resonate through the annals of history, shaping the trajectory of African American religious autonomy and civil rights advocacy. In 1996, the AME Zion Church commemorated its bicentennial, honoring Varick’s enduring impact on the church and the broader struggle for equality. The celebration brought together over 15,000 members in Washington, D.C., and featured an exhibit of AME archives at the Schomburg Center for Research and Black Culture in New York.
James Varick’s life serves as a testament to the power of resilience, leadership, and unwavering dedication to justice. His pioneering efforts in establishing an independent black church movement and advocating for civil rights have left an indelible legacy that continues to inspire generations. As we reflect on Varick’s contributions, we are reminded of the enduring importance of upholding equality, dignity, and freedom for all.