Art Tatum, born Arthur Tatum, Jr., on October 13, 1909, in Toledo, Ohio, was a remarkable American pianist whose impact on jazz music is still felt today. Despite being visually impaired from a young age, Tatum’s musical talent was evident early on. He began with the violin but soon shifted his focus to the piano, showcasing his skills on local radio programs as a teenager. Tatum’s move to New York City at the age of 21 marked a significant turning point in his career. It was there that he produced some of his most extraordinary recordings, demonstrating his mastery of the piano with a unique blend of stride-style techniques and innovative right-hand variations. Throughout the 1930s and 1940s, Tatum’s musical prowess solidified his reputation as one of the greatest technical virtuosos in jazz.
In 1943, Tatum formed a trio with guitarist Tiny Grimes and bassist Slam Stewart, a collaboration that would define much of his later work. The trio format allowed Tatum to showcase his exceptional talent in a more intimate setting, captivating audiences with his mesmerizing performances. Known for his unparalleled improvisational skills, Tatum had a penchant for introducing entirely new chord progressions on the fly, often incorporating a new chord on each beat within just one or two measures. His reharmonization of popular tunes set a new standard for modern jazz musicians, influencing not only pianists but also horn players. Tatum’s rhythmic spontaneity and intricate note patterns, weaving in and out of tempo, added a layer of complexity to his truly groundbreaking music.
The impact of Tatum’s artistry extended far beyond his performances. His influence can be heard in the work of numerous jazz musicians who followed in his footsteps. Jazz pianists such as Bud Powell, Lennie Tristano, and Oscar Peterson openly acknowledged Tatum’s impact on their musical styles, incorporating elements of his playing into their work. Tatum’s legacy continues to shape the landscape of jazz music, with few pianists able to resist the allure of including a favorite Tatum run or embellishment in their performances. Art Tatum’s contribution to jazz music is immeasurable. His unparalleled technical skill, innovative improvisation, and enduring influence on generations of musicians cement his legacy as a true icon of jazz. Tatum’s ability to push the boundaries of musical expression and captivate audiences with his extraordinary talent ensures that his impact will be felt for years to come.