Lennox Raphael
A Life in Art, Activism, and Exile Lennox Alison Raphael (September 4, 1939 โ November 27, 2023) was a Trinidadian-born poet, playwright, journalist, painter, and...
Author : joe bodego
The West Indian Syndrome
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To Be or Not to Be an American Negro by Lennox Raphael Based on available excerpts, citations in scholarly works, and previews, here’s a comprehensive...
Bob Hudson Lynched & Wife Beaten in Weakley County, Tennessee
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On October 9, 1893, in the rural expanse of Weakley County, Tennessee, near the small town of Dresden, a Black farmer named Bob Hudson became...
The Paradox of Western Values – Atrocities, Hypocrisy, & the Illusion of Moral Superiority
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In an era of global interconnectedness, the phrase “Western values” is often invoked as a beacon of enlightenmentโa shorthand for democracy, human rights, individual liberty,...
The Stick Boys of Ethiopia’s Banna Tribe
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Grace on Stilts In the sun-baked expanses of Ethiopia’s Lower Omo Valley, where the Omo and Weyto rivers carve through arid savannas and marshy lowlands,...
The Egypt Plantation
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Thomas Thistlewoodโs Domain in Jamaica The Egypt plantation, located in Westmoreland parish in western Jamaica, was the primary site of Thomas Thistlewoodโs operations as a...
Thomas Thistlewood
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Thomas Thistlewood (1721โ1786) was an English-born planter, slave owner, and prolific diarist whose life in colonial Jamaica provides one of the most detailedโand disturbingโwindows into...
Dum Diversas: The Papal Bull That Legitimized Conquest and Slavery
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In the annals of ecclesiastical history, few documents carry the weight of moral and geopolitical consequence as Dum Diversas, a papal bull issued on June...
Why Didn’t Europeans Use Their Own Local Workforce for Plantations Instead of Enslaving Africans?
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The transatlantic slave trade, spanning from the 15th to the 19th centuries, forcibly transported an estimated 11-12.5 million Africans to the Americas, primarily to work...
The Bell Curve: An Overview and Its Impact
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Published in 1994, The Bell Curve: Intelligence and Class Structure in American Life by Richard J. Herrnstein and Charles Murray is a controversial book that...