Rhodesia was a region located in south-central Africa, which is now divided into the countries of Zimbabwe in the south and Zambia in the north. The region was named after Cecil Rhodes, a British colonial administrator. During the 19th century, Rhodesia was administered by the British South Africa Company and was primarily exploited for its abundant gold, copper, and coal deposits.
In 1911, Rhodesia was divided into Northern and Southern Rhodesia, which are known today as Zambia and Zimbabwe, respectively. Southern Rhodesia became a self-governing British colony in 1923, while Northern Rhodesia became a British protectorate in 1924. These territories later joined with Nyasaland to form the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland from 1953 to 1963. It is important to note that Nyasaland is known today as Malawi.
From 1964 to 1979, the name Rhodesia was specifically used to refer to the former Southern Rhodesia. Initially, it was recognized as a British colony from 1964 to 1965. However, in 1965, Southern Rhodesia made a unilateral declaration of independence, becoming a self-declared independent country without international recognition until 1979. Throughout its history, Rhodesia played a significant role in the exploitation of natural resources, particularly gold, copper, and coal. The region’s strategic location and valuable resources made it a focal point for British colonial interests and economic exploitation.
The division of Rhodesia into present-day Zimbabwe and Zambia marked a significant turning point in the region’s history. Both countries have since undergone significant political and social changes, shaping the landscape of southern Africa. Today, Zimbabwe and Zambia are independent nations with their own unique cultural identities and political landscapes. While the name Rhodesia may no longer be in official use, the legacy of Cecil Rhodes and the impact of British colonialism continue to influence the history and development of these two African nations.
The region of Rhodesia, now represented by Zimbabwe and Zambia, has a complex history shaped by colonialism, resource exploitation, and political change. Understanding this history is essential for comprehending the dynamics of present-day southern Africa and the lasting impact of colonial legacies on the region.