Eugene “Bull” Connor was the Birmingham public safety commissioner whose ideologies and orders were in direct opposition to the Civil Rights Movement. Born on July...
Melba Pattillo Beals made history as a member of the Little Rock Nine, the nine African-American students involved in the desegregation of Little Rock Central...
During the Great Migration, African Americans faced many challenges, including discrimination, racism, and violence in the North. Housing discrimination was widespread, with many African Americans...
Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA), primarily in the United States, organization founded by Marcus Garvey (q.v.), dedicated to racial pride, economic self-sufficiency, and the formation...
By 1215, thanks to years of unsuccessful foreign policies and heavy taxation demands, England’s King John was facing down a possible rebellion by the country’s...
Though he never attained the highest office of his adopted country, few of America’s founders influenced its political system more than Alexander Hamilton (1755-1804). Born...
But the president’s role as commander in chief cut two ways. If it restrained him from alienating proslavery Unionists, it also empowered him to seize...
A Cultural Awakening The Harlem Renaissance, spanning roughly from 1918 to 1937, was a profound blossoming of African American culture centered in the Harlem neighborhood...