A Pioneer in African American Journalism and Politics
Matthew Thomas Whittico, a prominent newspaper publisher, educator, and politician, was pivotal in advocating for African American rights and fostering community development in early 20th-century West Virginia. Born on September 25, 1866, near Martinsville in Henry County, Virginia, Whittico emerged as a significant figure in the social and political landscape of his time. Whittico was born into a family of free African Americans during an era when slavery was still prevalent in the United States. His father, Hezekiah J. Whittico, was a farmer and the son of Thomas and Catherine Whittico. Under the laws of the time, the status of a child followed that of the mother; somewhere in Whittico’s lineage was a free maternal ancestor, which ensured freedom for him and his family.
As a young boy, Whittico attended local public schools but aspired to achieve higher education. This ambition led him to Lincoln University in Pennsylvania, where he earned an A.B. degree in 1896. Following his graduation, Whittico spent seven years teaching in the racially segregated schools of Henry and Patrick counties in Virginia, laying the foundation for his future work in education and public service. Around 1900, Whittico relocated to Keystone, West Virginia, a booming coal town with a thriving interracial business community. Recognizing the need for a platform to address African American issues, he founded The McDowell Times, a newspaper dedicated to advancing the social and political rights of African Americans. With its motto emphasizing the interests of the “Negro Race,” the paper quickly gained prominence and became one of the most influential African American newspapers in the region.
During his 17-year tenure as editor and publisher, The McDowell Times reached a circulation of 11,000—a remarkable achievement for its time. The paper was read by both Black and White audiences across West Virginia, particularly those interested in race relations and coalfield life. Whittico’s work not only informed but also empowered African Americans in the region, helping them navigate the complexities of life in a racially diverse coal-mining community. Whittico’s influence extended beyond journalism into politics. As coal mines in McDowell County attracted a significant influx of Black workers, he mobilized this growing population into a formidable voting bloc within the Republican Party. He served on the State Republican Executive Committee for several years and actively supported the coal industry while remaining critical of Socialist and labor movements that he believed threatened economic stability.
In addition to his political work, Whittico held several public service roles. He served as a County Probation Officer in McDowell County and as a member of the Keystone City Council. Through these positions, he worked to address local issues and advocate for policies that benefited his community.
Whittico was deeply involved in civic organizations, reflecting his commitment to community development. He was an active member of the Presbyterian Church and held leadership roles in several fraternal organizations, including the Masons, Pythians, Odd Fellows, and Elks. He served as President of the Odd Fellows’ Investment Society and was a director of the Pythian Mutual Investment Association.
Whittico was married twice. His first marriage, in 1899, was to Annie M. Lamkin of Henry County, Virginia. After her passing, he married Eda E. Alexander in 1913. Eda was a graduate of the West Virginia Collegiate Institute (now West Virginia State University) and shared her husband’s commitment to education and community service. Matthew T. Whittico’s contributions extended beyond his lifetime. His advocacy for African American rights and his efforts to foster economic self-sufficiency left an indelible mark on McDowell County and beyond. He popularized the phrase “Free State of McDowell,” symbolizing the unique racial diversity and relative autonomy of the region during his era.
Whittico’s influence also reached literary circles. His character inspired aspects of an influential Black newspaper editor in Denise Giardina’s 1987 coalfields novel Storming Heaven, further cementing his legacy in cultural history. Whittico’s favorite books—The Bible, Pilgrim’s Progress, and The Life of Lincoln—reflected his values of faith, perseverance, and leadership. He often promoted the importance of homeownership, education, entrepreneurship, and fostering positive relations across racial lines.
Matthew T. Whittico passed away on June 21, 1939, in Bluefield, West Virginia, at the age of 72. He was buried in his native Henry County, Virginia. Following his death, The McDowell Times ceased publication but remains accessible today through digitization efforts by West Virginia University on Chronicling America’s website. In a time marked by racial segregation and economic challenges, Whittico’s life serves as a testament to resilience, leadership, and the power of community engagement. His work as a journalist, politician, and civic leader continues to inspire future generations striving for equality and justice.