Jack Chatfield
Jack Chatfield (July 20, 1942 – September 18, 2014) was an American historian, educator, and civil rights activist known for his courageous work with the...
Sheriff’s Deputies in Gadsden, Alabama, Use Cattle Prods to Torture Civil Rights Demonstrators
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On June 18, 1963, law enforcement officers in Gadsden, Alabama, deployed electric cattle prods against hundreds of Black civil rights protesters during a major sit-in...
Cotton Mather
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Cotton Mather (February 12, 1663 – February 13/15, 1728) was a prominent Puritan minister, prolific author, and one of the most influential intellectual figures in...
Onesimus
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Onesimus (late 1600s–early 1700s) was an enslaved West African man whose knowledge of variolation (an early form of inoculation against smallpox) helped save hundreds of lives...
The Tragic Case of George Stinney Jr.: A Story of Injustice in Jim Crow America
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On June 16, 1944, in Columbia, South Carolina, 14-year-old George Junius Stinney Jr. was strapped into the electric chair and executed by the state. Weighing...
The Duluth Lynching of 1920: A Tragic Chapter in Minnesota History
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On the evening of June 15, 1920, a white mob in Duluth, Minnesota, lynched three young Black men—Elias Clayton, Elmer Jackson, and Isaac McGhie—all in...
Thomas Bahnson Stanley
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Thomas Bahnson Stanley (1890–1970) was a Virginia businessman, politician, and the 57th Governor of Virginia, serving from January 1954 to January 1958. He is best...
Southern Leaders Convene to Oppose School Desegregation
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On June 10, 1954, governors and state representatives from 12 Southern states gathered in Richmond, Virginia, to coordinate a unified response to the U.S. Supreme...
William Joseph Simmons
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William Joseph Simmons (May 7, 1880 – May 18, 1945) was an American Methodist preacher, teacher, and fraternal organizer best known as the founder and...
The Ku Klux Klan’s Explosive 1920s Revival: How a Public Relations Campaign Built a Mass Movement
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On June 7, 1920, Ku Klux Klan leader William Simmons brought in professional publicists to expand the white supremacist group’s ranks. The Klan was originally...