These examples illustrate why Memorial Day is a complex and often painful observance for many African Americans. Our collective memory encompasses a different narrative, one of valor in the face of discrimination and injustice.
The Harlem Hellfighters: Courage Unrewarded
The 369th Infantry Regiment, known as the Harlem Hellfighters, exemplified extraordinary bravery and resilience. They spent 191 days in combat, longer than any other American unit, and never lost a foot of ground or a man to capture. Despite their remarkable service, these heroes returned home to face discrimination and a lack of recognition for their sacrifices.
African American Soldiers in World War I: Valor Under Prejudice
Approximately 370,000 African Americans served in World War I, many under white officers who harbored racist attitudes and doubted their abilities. The 92nd and 93rd Divisions, all-black combat units, had vastly different experiences. While the 92nd struggled under prejudiced leadership, the 93rd, attached to the French Army, earned respect and admiration for their bravery.
World War II: Segregation Abroad
During World War II, about 150,000 African American soldiers arrived in Britain, bringing with them the harsh reality of American segregation. White American soldiers attempted to enforce Jim Crow practices in British establishments, lobbying pub owners to exclude their black comrades. This divisive behavior highlighted the pervasive nature of American racial attitudes, even on foreign soil.
The French Directive: Exporting Jim Crow
A 1918 memo issued by Colonel J.L.A. Linard instructed French officers to practice racial segregation with Black American troops. This directive sought to maintain discriminatory practices abroad, underscoring the systemic nature of racism within the American military structure.
These memories paint a picture of brave men who fought for a country that often failed to recognize their humanity or valor. They served with distinction, only to face continued discrimination both abroad and at home. This complex history challenges the traditional narrative of Memorial Day, prompting a deeper reflection on the true cost of service and the ongoing struggle for equality and recognition.