Category : Civil Rights

The influential and widespread rejection of racial equality by individuals, communities, officials, and institutions followed in the tradition of earlier generations of white supremacists who...

NAACP v. Alabama (357 U.S. 449) was the landmark case in which the U.S. Supreme Court formally recognized the freedom of association as a right...

Born on March 11, 1917, in Careyville, Florida, Robert L. Carter moved north to Newark, New Jersey, as an infant, with his mother. Carter’s childhood...

Once described as “Dixieland apartheid’s number-one organization man,” William James Simmons was best known for his leadership as an administrator in the influential Citizens’ Council,...

The Rise of White Citizens’ Councils and the Fight to Preserve Segregation in South Carolina On January 26, 1956, a significant gathering of segregationists convened...

In response to the 1954 Brown v. Board of Education decision ending school segregation, white segregationists throughout the South created the White Citizens’ Councils (WCC)....

At just six years old, four girls underwent psychological and academic evaluation in order to enroll in school. They were part of a pool of...

The 1964 Mississippi Freedom Summer was perhaps the most ambitious extended campaign of the entire Civil Rights Movement. Over the course of roughly two months,...